| Early To Mid 20th Century |  |
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Major Movements |
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Dada |
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Perpetual Dada Surrealism |
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Homepage (well-crafted site with excerpts from the Dadaists and Surrealists) (Nadine van Hasselt, Ashley Whitney) |
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Dada |
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Surrealism |
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Existentialism |
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Simone De Beauvoir
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Albert Camus
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The Realm of Existentialism (info on existentialism and phenomenology, with links to pages on many philosophers) (Katharena Eiermann) |
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Jean-Paul Sartre
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Futurism |
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Futurism Menu (Joe De Marco) |
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Balilla Pratella, Manifesto of Futurist Muslclans 1910 |
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Marxist, Communist, Frankfurt School, & Later-Marxist Critique (Note: Marxist Or Marx-Influenced Theorists Who Have Also Had A More Broadly Or Less-Strictly Marxist Cultural-Critical Reception Are Included Above Under Cultural-Studies |
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General Resources |
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Cultural Logic: An Electronic Journal of Marxist Theory & Practice |
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Sean Homer (Centre for Psychotherapeutic Studies, U. Sheffield), "A Short History of the Marxist Literary Group" |
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Marxism (SWIRL) |
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Marxism List: Archives (U. Virginia) |
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Marxism and Ideology (lecture notes created for a course) (Mary Klages, U. Colorado, Boulder) |
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Marxist Sites on the Web (SheBeen) |
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Marxists.org Internet Archive
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T. V. Reed, "Neo-Marxisms and Cultural Materialisms" (bibliographic essay with links to online resources) |
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Rethinking Marxism: A Journal of Economics, Culture and Society (tables of contents & links) |
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Marxism/Communism |
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Marx & Engels
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Other Socialist/Communist Authors
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Frankfurt School |
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Frankfurt School- General
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Theodor Adorno
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Walter Benjamin
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Max Horkheimer
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Herbert Marcuse
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Later-Marxist Critique |
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General Resources on Later-Marxism
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Louis Althusser
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Alvin Gouldner
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Jürgen Habermas
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C.L.R. James
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Frederic Jameson
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Georg Lukacs
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"Marxist Approaches to Mass Media" (Daniel Chandler) |
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Immanuel Wallerstein
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World-Systems Archive (U. Colorado, Boulder) |
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Eric Olin Wright
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New Criticism |
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Cleanth Brooks
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Formalism (SWIRL) |
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The New Criticism (David Arnason, U. Manitoba) |
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Richard Ohmann, English in America: A Radical View of the Profession (1976) (excerpt) (excerpt on the New Criticism at the moment of the so-called "end of ideology" in mid-20th-century U.S. intellectual culture; "Our dogma is academic freedom, which in practice means that you can think and write what you like, but as y |
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John Crowe Ransom |
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Modern American Poetry: John Crowe Ransom
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Robert Penn Warren |
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American Academy of Poets: Robert Penn Warren |
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Cleanth Brooks and Robert Penn Warren, Understanding Poetry: An Anthology for College Students (rev. ed., 1950) (brief excerpts) (Al Filreis, U. Penn.) |
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Modern American Poetry: Robert Penn Warren
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Robert Penn Warren (brief bio and bibliiography) (George Brosi / KYLIT) |
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Robert Penn Warren Page (Bob Frey) |
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Phenomenology
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Structuralism |
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Background Materials: Formalist and Structuralist Ideas (notes on critical theory developed for instructional use) (David Arnason, U. Manitoba) |
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Roland Barthes |
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ArtsandCulture: |
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Barthean Codes (David Arnason, U. Manitoba) |
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Barthes Notes (notes on terms and concepts in Camera Lucida) (Ron Burnett, McGill U.) |
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PopCultures.com: Roland Barthes (Sarah Zupko's Cultural Studies Center) |
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Secondary Literature
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Roman Jakobson |
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Jacobson's Model of a Communications Act (David Arnason, U. Manitoba) |
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Jakobson's Communication Model (John Lye, Brock U.) |
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Claude Lévi-Strauss |
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Claude Lévi-Strauss: The Structural Study of Myth (lecture notes on the essay) (Mary Klages, U. Colorado, Boulder) |
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Ferdinand De Saussure |
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Saussure (lecture notes created for a course) (Mary Klages, U. Colorado, Boulder) |
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Saussure and the Sign (David Arnason, U. Manitoba) |
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Saussurescape (Web-based exercise to illustrate the ideas of Ferdinand Saussure) (Warren Hedges, Southern Oregon U.) |
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Some Elements of Structuralism and its Application to Literary Theory (John Lye, Brock U.) |
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Structuralism (SWIRL) |
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Structuralism/Deconstruction (lecture notes created for a course) (Mary Klages, U. Colorado, Boulder) |
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Summary of Gerard Genette, "Structuralism and Literary Criticism" (John Lye, Brock U.) |
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Surrealism |
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Acephalic (site on "the 'other' surrealists [non-Bretonian, including Acéphale, Masson, Klossowski, Desnos, etc.]") |
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André Breton, "What is Surrealism?" |
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Perpetual Dada Surrealism |
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Homepage (well-crafted site with excerpts from the Dadaists and Surrealists) (Nadine van Hasselt, Ashley Whitney) |
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Dada |
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Surrealism |
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Surrealism Server |
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Homepage of Surrealism Server (pharmdec.wustl.edu) |
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Automatic Writing |
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ESMÉ: The Graphical Cadaverating Interface (Enigma Engines for a Better World) |
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Miscellaneous Surrealist Information |
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Surrealist Writings |
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The Surrealist Compliment Generator |
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Irving Babbitt |
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"The Choice We Must Face: Democracy and Imperialism, Or Democracy and Standards?" (article adapted from chapters in Babbitt's Democracy and Leadership, 1924) (National Humanities Institute) |
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Irving Babbitt Project (National Humanities Institute) |
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"Matthew Arnold" (1917) (National Humanities Institute) |
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Michael A. Weinstein, "Irving Babbitt and Postmodernity: Amplitude and Intensity" (1992) (Humanitas Journal) |
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Mikhail Bakhtin |
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Bailiwick - U. of Iowa Libraries Bakhtin Bibiography (a bibliography of books, essays, and research by and about Bakhtin)(U. of Iowa) |
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Bakhtin Centre (Univ. of Sheffield) |
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Russell A. Hunt (St. Thomas U.), (Essays On Reading And Pedagogy Related To Bakhtinian Thought): |
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"Literacy as Dialogic Involvement: Methodological Implications for the Empirical Study of Literary Reading" (1996) |
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"Texts, Textoids, and Utterances: Writing and Reading for Meaning, In and Out of Classrooms" (1993) |
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"Traffic in Genres, In Classrooms and Out" (1994) |
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Vadim Linetski (Hebrew U., Jerusalem), Bakhtin Laid Bare, or The Discourse of Innocence (Sarah Zupko's Cultural Studies Center) |
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Mikhail Bakhtin (lecture notes created for a course) (Mary Klages, U. Colorado, Boulder) |
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Georges Bataille |
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Bataille List:Archives (U. Virginia) |
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Georges Bataille Page (Ashley Whitney, U. Minnesota) |
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Walter Benjamin |
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General Resources on Walter Benjamin |
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Walter Benjamin Research Syndicate ("This site maintains a collection of resource information on some of Benjamin's writings, as well as current essays about Benjamin, his work, and the work of some of his close contemporaries. Our focus has been on those writings and projects too-often excluded from academic Benjamin scholarship.") |
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Benjamin Resources (Notebook for Contemporary Continental Philosophy) |
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Works |
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"On the Concept of History" (or "Theses on the Philosophy of History") (Lloyd Spencer, Trinity and All Saints C., UK) |
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"The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction" |
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"The Writer's Technique in Thirteen Theses" (excerpts from Walter Benjamin's One-Way Street) (Rita Raley, U. California, Santa Barbara) |
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Secondary Literature |
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Carina Yervasi "Pre/Sub/Urban Sprawl: The 19th Century Parisian Passage as 'Failed' Urban Mall" (Speed) |
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Cleanth Brooks |
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Community, Religion, and Literature, Essays (publisher's description) |
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Maureen Corcoran, "Criticism Versus Scholarhip: The Cleanth Brooks and Douglas Bush Debate" (1996) (graduate-student essay from Illinois State U. course) |
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Kenneth Burke |
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Scott McLemee, "A Puzzling Figure in Literary Criticism Is Suddenly Central" (2001) (retrospective overview of Burke's work and influence) (Chronicle of Higher Education) |
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William Empson |
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John Constable (Cambridge U.), "Introduction" to Critical Essays on William Empson (1993) |
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Ernst Cassirer Archive |
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Sigmund Freud
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Roman Jakobson |
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Jacobson's Model of a Communications Act (David Arnason, U. Manitoba) |
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Jakobson's Communication Model (John Lye, Brock U.) |
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Jean-Paul Sartre (on Philosophy page) |
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Ludwig Wittgenstein (on Philosophy page) |
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Martin Heidegger (on Philosophy page) |
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John Crowe Ransom |
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Modern American Poetry: John Crowe Ransom |
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Homepage (Cary Nelson & Edwrd Brunner, U. Illinois, Urbana-Champaign) |
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Ransom's Editorial "The Future of Poetry" from The Fugitive with a Reply by Allen Tate |
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Selection of Ransom Poems from The Fugitive |
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I.A. Richards |
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I. A. Richards Web Resource (includes illustrated chronology, complete checklist of works, extensive checklists of criticism on Richards, news, and lists of links to additional relevant resources) (John Constable, Magdalene C., Cambridge U.) |
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John Constable (Cambridge U.), "I. A. Richards, T S. Eliot and the Poetry of Belief" (1990) |
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Ferdinand De Saussure |
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Saussure (lecture notes created for a course) (Mary Klages, U. Colorado, Boulder) |
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Saussure and the Sign (David Arnason, U. Manitoba) |
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Saussurescape (Web-based exercise to illustrate the ideas of Ferdinand Saussure) (Warren Hedges, Southern Oregon U.) |
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Simone De Beauvoir (on Philosophy page) |
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Robert Penn Warren |
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American Academy of Poets: Robert Penn Warren |
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Cleanth Brooks and Robert Penn Warren, Understanding Poetry: An Anthology for College Students (rev. ed., 1950) (brief excerpts) (Al Filreis, U. Penn.) |
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Modern American Poetry: Robert Penn Warren |
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Homepage (Edward Brunner, U. Illinois, Urbana-Champaign) |
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Warren on Warren (brief excerpts of Warren's views about writing) |
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Robert Penn Warren (brief bio and bibliiography) (George Brosi / KYLIT) |
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Robert Penn Warren Page (Bob Frey) |
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